Power / Global Money
How currencies, institutions and financial infrastructure distribute power across borders.
BRICS
BRICS is an intergovernmental grouping associated with emerging and developing economies, named for Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa and subsequently expanded.
Capital Controls
Capital controls are official measures that restrict, condition or raise the cost of cross-border capital transactions, such as investment or lending into or out of an economy.
CBDC
A central bank digital currency, or CBDC, is a digital form of central bank money intended for eligible users, whether the public or specified financial institutions.
De-dollarization
De-dollarization is a reduction in reliance on the US dollar in a specified area, such as reserves, trade pricing, borrowing or payments.
Digital Dollar
Digital dollar is an ambiguous expression that can refer to electronic US-dollar balances, dollar-linked digital tokens or proposals for a US central bank digital currency.
Dollar
Here, Dollar means the US dollar: the United States' currency and a widely used unit for international prices, payments, borrowing and reserves.
Gold
Gold is a precious metal used in goods and industry and held as an investment or reserve asset, valued through markets rather than an issuer's promise to repay.
Money Printing
Money printing is an informal label for creating money, often used loosely for central bank actions and sometimes confused with government spending or bank lending.
Real-World Assets
In crypto and tokenization, real-world assets, or RWAs, are assets originating outside the blockchain, such as property, commodities or conventional financial claims represented through tokens.
Reserve Currency
A reserve currency is a currency held by central banks or monetary authorities as part of foreign-exchange reserves, often through deposits and securities denominated in it.
Sanctions
Sanctions are restrictions imposed by governments or international bodies on dealings with specified countries, people, organizations or sectors. Financial sanctions can freeze assets or prohibit transactions.
Stablecoin
A stablecoin is a crypto asset designed to track a reference value. In global finance, currency-linked stablecoins can carry a monetary unit across new payment networks.
Tariffs
A tariff is a tax imposed on imported goods, usually collected by the importing jurisdiction from the importer responsible for the shipment.
Tokenization
Tokenization is the representation of an asset or a set of rights as a digital token recorded on a programmable ledger.
Trade War
A trade war is an escalating conflict in which governments use tariffs or other trade restrictions and countermeasures against one another.